Evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic,irrigational, and industrial purposes: a case study from Thirumanimuttar river basin,Tamilnadu, India |
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Authors: | M Vasanthavigar K Srinivasamoorthy M V Prasanna |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India;(2) National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India; |
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Abstract: | The Thirumanimuttar sub-basin forms an important groundwater province in south India, facing serious deficiency in both quality
and quantity of groundwater due to increased demand associated with rapid population explosion, agricultural growth and industrial
activities. A total of 194 groundwater samples were collected and 15 water quality parameters were analyzed using standard
procedures. Na + , Cl − , Ca2 + , HCO3-_{3}^{-}, Mg2 + and SO42-_{4}^{2-} concentration ions are more dominant in both seasons. The total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity was observed
good correlation with Na + , Cl − , HCO3-_{3}^{-}, Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Cl − , PO43-_{4}^{3-} and NO3- _{3}^{- } ions indicating dominance of plagioclase feldspar weathering, anthropogenic input and over drafting of groundwater irrespective
of seasons. The Hill–Piper diagram indicates alkaline earths exceed the alkalis, an increase of weak acids was noted during
both the seasons. For assessing the groundwater for irrigation suitability parameters like total hardness, sodium adsorption
ratio, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index, and sodium percentage are also calculated. Permanent hardness
was noted in higher during both the seasons due to discharge of untreated effluents and ion exchange process. The RSC indicates
56% of the samples are not suitable for irrigation purposes in both seasons, if continuously used will affect the crop yield.
From the results, nearly 72% of the samples are not suitable for irrigation. |
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