The potential contribution of sustainable waste management to energy use and greenhouse gas emission reduction in the Netherlands |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Recycling Netwerk, Drieharingstraat 25, 3511 BH Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Climate Proof Netherlands, Oostduinlaan 123, 2596 JK ‘s Gravenhage, The Netherlands;1. Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Nieuwe Kanaal 9A, 6709 PA Wageningen, the Netherlands;2. Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6709 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands;3. Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resources Management, Harburger Schlossstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany;4. Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium;5. Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 915, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-13, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;1. Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria;2. Institute for Water Quality, Resource & Waste Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040, Vienna, Austria;1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia;3. Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Future limitations on the availability of selected resources stress the need for increased material efficiency. In addition, in a climate-constrained world the impact of resource use on greenhouse gas emissions should be minimized. Waste management is key to achieve sustainable resource management. Ways to use resources more efficiently include prevention of waste, reuse of products and materials, and recycling of materials, while incineration and anaerobic digestion may recover part of the embodied energy of materials. This study used iWaste, a simulation model, to investigate the extent to which savings in energy consumption and CO2 emissions can be achieved in the Netherlands through recycling of waste streams versus waste incineration, and to assess the extent to which this potential is reflected in the LAP2 (currently initiated policy). Three waste streams (i.e. household waste, bulky household waste, and construction and demolition waste) and three scenarios compare current policy to scenarios that focus on high-quality recycling (Recycling+) or incineration with increased efficiency (Incineration+). The results show that aiming for more and high-quality recycling can result in emission reductions of 2.3 MtCO2 annually in the Netherlands compared to the reference situation in 2008. The main contributors to this reduction potential are found in optimizing the recycling of plastics (PET, PE and PP), textiles, paper, and organic waste. A scenario assuming a higher energy conversion efficiency of the incinerator treating the residual waste stream, achieves an emission reduction equivalent to only one third (0.7 MtCO2/year) of the reduction achieved in the Recycling+ scenario. Furthermore, the results of the study show that currently initiated policy only partially realizes the full potential identified. A focus on highest quality use of recovered materials is essential to realize the full potential energy and CO2 emission reduction identified for the Netherlands. Detailed economic and technical analyses of high quality recycling are recommended to further evaluate viable integrated waste management policies. |
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| Keywords: | Sustainable resource management Recycling Energy savings Municipal solid waste Waste incineration Material efficiency |
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