长江流域水生态保护利益补偿的法律调控

当前长江流域水生态补偿实践主要以水质、水量和水能三类可量化的流域生态资源开发利用的形态出现,是"流域生态效益补偿"模式,其目标利益是流域整体生态保护效益,通过政策或区域政府间的协议、以财政转移支付为手段完成政府、行政区域单元之间的利益传送,其实质是一种行政治理措施、是基于权力的利益矫正,并没有将该补偿资金精确对应到真正的利益供应主体或受害主体,也就没有完成利益归宿的最终分配。长江流域生态保护利益补偿应当在效益补偿的基础上发展"生态保护产权利益补偿"模式,使生态保护利益从生态效益的结果行为端向原因行为端传递;产权主体特定性的识别,产权利益行为(增益或损益)与流域生态效益的连接,以及涉水产权法定即利益法定是构建长江流域产权利益补偿的法律要素。

The Legal Adjustment of Interests Compensation for Ecological Conservationin the Yangtze River Basin

The current ecological conservation compensation schemes in the Yangtze River Basin appear in three quantifiable forms of ecosystem services and resource utilization, including water quality, water quantity and water energy. All of them are of ecological effect-based compensation and rely on governmental authority to carry out the compensation between regions where were stakeholders in ecological conservation for the particular purpose and use of ecosystem service and use. The author argued that the effect-based ecosystem conservation compensation is not complete in the way to compensate substantial individuals that are real interest losers in the conversation. Therefore it is necessary to construct the property rightbased ecological conversation compensation schemes in order to further accomplish the passage of interests remedy from the effect gain side bottom down to the cause gain side. The property right-based compensation scheme is the cause-oriented legal adjustment of interests according to the identities of the affected property right holders, actions and contributions of the effect of ecological conservation and the legal provisions of water-related property rights.