企业环境管理制度优化及其信息系统框架设计研究

污染源大数据是环保大数据的重要组成部分,然而在以环境管理制度为基础的污染源数据管理过程中,一直存在制度衔接不流畅、数据不共享等诸多问题。本文调研考察了现有各项环境管理制度的衔接情况,提出以排污许可制度为核心,通过与其他环境管理制度有效衔接,实现环境管理的各个环节的有效覆盖。通过SWOT分析法对基于"一证式"改革的环境管理制度优化方案的可行性和必要性进行了深入分析,并以排污许可证为核心,设计企业环境管理信息系统框架。试生产与竣工环保验收实效不足,可转为企业自行备案;将环评审批结论纳入排污许可证,可大幅度减轻企业相关环境管理业务人员的负担。环境管理制度的优化必须建立在部门职能转变与整合之上;同时,还必须获得国家层面的立法与行政的支持;社会舆论的关注与支持也将推动环境管理制度优化的进程。以排污许可证管理为核心的信息系统框架可以有效实现污染源排放信息整合共享。

Research on the Optimization of Environmental Management System for Enterprise and the Design of Information System Framework

The data of pollution sources is an important part of the environmental big data, while there are so many problems in the management of the pollution sources data which is based on the environmental management system, such as the congestion of system convergence or non-shared business data. On the purpose of optimization of environmental management system, the article investigates the convergence of existing environmental management systems and builds a new system framework based on "One-Permitting" evolution to construct an effective convergence with other environmental management systems. Then the article uses the SWOT to analyze the feasibility and necessity of the framework. After all, the article construct an information system corresponding to the framework. The environmental acceptance of trial production and completion can be transferred to the enterprise for their own record because of the lack of effectiveness. Putting the results of environmental impact assessment into the discharge permit will reduce the burden on staff greatly. The optimization of environmental management system must be based on the transformation and integration of departmental functions. At the same time, it is necessary to obtain legislative and administrative support at the national level. The concern and support of public opinion will also promote the process of environmental management system optimization. The information based on the framework will effectively realize the integration and sharing of pollution sources.