自然资源、技术进步与环境库兹涅茨曲线

不可再生自然资源的约束和环境质量的不断恶化是经济可持续发展必须要面对的挑战。就环境问题而言,现实中一个特征事实是,在不同的收入水平下人们对环境质量的需求不同,只有当收入达到一定水平之后,人们才会注重生活质量的改善。基于现有研究,在考虑非再生自然资源的约束条件下,本研究将环境质量作为生产要素的一部分引入最优增长理论的分析框架,探讨了在环境污染和自然资源双重约束下的长期经济增长问题。在非再生自然资源和环境污染的双重约束下,本研究表明解决环境问题必须要采用的手段是促使技术进步的创新研发,因为技术进步是环境库兹涅茨曲线出现拐点的不可或缺的一个必要条件。在市场竞争的环境下,由于知识的非竞争性质使得研究部门的研究是次优的。因此,政府应当通过适当的财政政策和法制安排以激励私人投资者研究与开发新技术的积极性。

Natural Resource, Technological Advance and Environmental Kuznets Gurve

The constraint of nonrenewable resources and the deterioration of the environment are the main challenges for the sustainable development of economy. On the environment issues, an important fact is that people's demand for environmental quality is different under different income levels. Only when their income reaches a certain level, people will pay attention to the improvement of the life quality. Based an the previous researches, the article introduces the environmental quality as a production factor into the framework of new growth theory, and discusses economy growth in the long-run under the constraints of the environmental pollution and nonrenewable resources based on the endogenous growth theory. Under the constraints of nonrenewable resources and environmental pollution, the article reveals that the necessary way to protect the environment is R&D, because technological progress is a necessary condition for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Meanwhile, because the noncompetitive knowledge causes that the R&D is the second best, the goverranent should employ sound fiscal palicy and make institution arrangement to promote the enthusiasm of private investors for researching and developing new technology.