藻类生物技术在水环境保护中的应用前景探讨

简要综述了藻类生物技术在水污染生态毒理学和污水生物净化方面的研究成果及应用实例,同时对其研究前景进行了探讨。应用藻类生物检测技术对重金属、农药、有机污染物、有毒有害废弃物等的毒性评价结果证明,一些二价重金属阳离子对藻类的毒性顺序大致为Hg~(2+),Cd~(2+),Cu~(2+),Ni~(2+)和 Zn~(2+);酚类、酯类和芳烃类有机污染物对藻类生长的抑制作用十分显著;农药对藻类的毒害作用主要通过破坏藻类生物膜的结构和功能而抑制藻类的光合作用、呼吸作用和固氮作用。有关藻类污水处理的研究资料显示,阳光的强弱,污水在系统内的停留时间,藻类生物量的多寡是确保藻类污水处理效果的关键。

Approach to application prospects of algal biotechnology in protection of water environment

Algae, as a primary producer, play a very important role in metabolizing and energy following on keeping aquatic ecosystem balance. Heretofore, algal biotechnology has been extensively studied and applied in ecological toxicology of water pollution and in biological purification of wastewater. This paper gives a brief introduction about the research results on the investigated field. The early reported data showed that heavy metals, pesticides, organic pollutants and others had all toxic effect on algae growth, on enzyme activity, on algal cell form and inclusion. The toxicity order of some bivalent heavy metals on algae was Hg~(2+)>Cd~(2+)>Cu~(2+)>Ni~(2+)>Zn~(2+). Phenols, esters and aromatics had very serious effects on algal growth. Effected degree of pesticides on algae was dependent on its chemical structure and characteristics, on algal individual behavior and their environmental conditions. The photosynthesis, respiration and azotification of algae were restricted by the structure and function of their biological membrane destroyed. It was reported that the amount of sunlight, algal biomass, algal burning specific heat, and the retention time of sewage in treatment system, are the key factors to insure the efficiency on wastewater treatment by algal biotechnology. Algae are the regeneration and medicine resource. It is very important to pay attention to probe the technique of algal mass culture and to develop the application areas of algal biotechnology in the future.