广西凤凰锰矿区废弃地生态环境问题及恢复治理对策

凤凰锰矿区是我国著名的大型锰矿区之一,历经数十年露天开采,遍布成百上千废弃采矿深坑,地表裸露光秃,重金属元素Mn、Cd、Pb、Cr等已污染土壤,危害植物生长,生态环境破坏严重。针对该矿区的生态环境现状问题,提出生态恢复治理对策和建议,认为生态恢复应从加强矿区土壤性状、有害元素赋存状态研究入手,指导生态恢复,复绿美化山川,营造和谐的生态景观;指出要重视尾矿资源的再开发利用,提高生态治理综合效益;强调重视利用生物治理技术修复重金属元素污染废弃地,恢复土壤的生态功能和永续利用;建议加强管理组织综合研究,建立凤凰矿区废弃地生态恢复创新示范工程,推动广西矿山生态环境治理的发展。

ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE FENGHUANG MANGANESE-MINE WASTELAND IN GUANGXI AND RESTORATION MEASURES

The Fenghuang mine is one of the largest manganese mines in China,and ecological destruction and heavy metal pollution(Mn,Cd,Pb,and Cr) are the main problems of the wasteland.The following restoration strategies and measures have been put forward:(1) More studies on soil properties and speciation of elements are needed to guide the restoration practice;(2) reutilization of the tailings is encouraged to raise the comprehensive treatment efficiency;(3) bioremediation of the metal-polluted wasteland should be emphasized to restore the normal soil functions and achieve sustainability;and(4) finally,a new demonstrative restoration project is suggested in the Fenghuang mine wasteland,and this would help promote the ecological restoration of minelands in Guangxi.