应用物种敏感度分布法研究中国无机汞的水生生物水质基准

基于中国的水生生物区系特征,筛选了包括植物、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等90个水生生物的急性毒性数据,使用物种敏感度分布法探讨了各类物种的敏感度分布特征,推导了中国无机汞的水生生物水质基准.结果表明,甲壳类生物对无机汞最为敏感,Log-Slogistic3对各组数据拟合效果最佳.基于对全部数据的拟合结果,得出无机汞的急性水质基准和慢性水质基准分别是1.743和0.467μg.L-1.该基准值与其他国家使用类似统计外推法得到的基准值在同一数量级,但也存在着差异,反映了各国水生态系统物种组成的差异.中国无机汞水生生物水质基准的建立,旨在保护中国地表水生态系统中的水生生物免受无机汞的高浓度急性暴露以及低浓度慢性暴露产生的毒害效应.比较不同水体无机汞的浓度水平发现,除嘉陵江水体溶解态汞可能会对水生生物具有潜在风险外,西南地区地表水活性汞均不会对水生生物产生危害.

Deriving aquatic water quality criteria for inorganic mercury in China by species sensitivity distributions

According to the characteristics of aquatic biota composition in China,a total of 90 acute toxicity data of aquatic organism were screened including plants,invertebrates,and vertebrates.The sensitivity of various organisms was discussed using the approach of species sensitivity distribution,and then the aquatic water quality criteria of inorganic mercury in China were derived.Those results showed that crustacean was the most sensitive organism for inorganic mercury,and the log-Slogistic3 model provided the best fit for various sets of data.The acute water quality criteria and chronic water quality criteria for inorganic mercury were 1.743 and 0.467 μg · L-1,respectively,which were comparable to that of other countries.However,detail analysis indicated that there were slightly differences among water quality criteria in different countries due to the variability in species composition of different regions.Therefore,the aquatic water quality criteria of inorganic mercury might be used as a candidate guideline to protect aquatic organisms of surface water ecosystems in China against toxic effects of inorganic mercury owing to the high concentration in a short-term exposure and the low concentration in a long-term exposure.Compared with mercury concentration of natural surface water in Southwest China,active inorganic mercury in surface water might be little potential adverse effects to aquatic organisms except for Jialing River.