旅游规划的环境影响识别探讨

2003年《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的实施，标志着我国的规划环境影响评价开始进入制度化阶段，旅游规划也是其中要求进行环境影响评价并编写环评报告书的10个专项规划类型之一。但是目前我国旅游规划的环境影响评价工作尚处于起步阶段，其理论与技术性问题都需要进一步改进。例如，处于旅游规划环境影响评价过程中承上启下重要环节的环境影响识别就缺乏成熟的技术方法。在阐释旅游规划环境影响识别的定义及重要性的基础上，通过对已有文献资料及实践案例的分析与研究，总结与探讨了旅游规划环境影响识别的主体、受体和效应。最后以青海湖景区旅游规划为例，应用矩阵法识别了所规划项目与活动对青海湖地区自然资源、景观资源、生态环境、环境敏感区及社会经济文化的可能影响，以给类似旅游规划的环境影响识别工作提供经验借鉴.

IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS BY TOURISM PLANS

The implementation of the Environment Impact Assessment Law of China in 2003 took environmental impact assessment for plan/program(PEIA) into an institutional stage.Surely,tourism plan is one of these plans which requires impact assessment.However,as the environmental impact assessment for tourism plan(TPEIA) in China is still at the initial stage,there are many technical problems waiting for being solved.For instance,the identification of impact by a tourism plan,which is a connecting link between the preceding and the following of the whole assessment,is one of the most important steps in a TPEIA,but there exists no maturely technology or method suitable for such a purpose.Based on a discussion of the definition and importance of tourism plan,this paper made a primary summary and discussion on contents of the identification by virtue of literature review,and summarized the subject,object and effect of the identification of a tourism plan,aiming to improve the science and validity of TPEIA in China.At the last of this paper,taking the TPEIA of Qinghai Lake as an example,the authors applied a method named Matrix,and defined the impacts on natural resources,landscape resources,ecological environment,sensitive environmental areas,as well as the society,economy and culture in Qinghai Lake Area.We believe that projects and activities determined by such a plan will surely provide some experience for similar plans in the future at home and abroad,and at the same time,to provide some useful information and support for decision makers.