浙江海宁电镀工业园区周边土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险分析

以海宁市电镀工业园区周边土壤为对象,研究土壤重金属污染特征,并采用Hakanson提出的潜在生态危害指数法对土壤中重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评价.结果表明,海宁市电镀工业园区附近土壤中平均重金属含量低于我国土壤环境质量标准的二级标准,对植物和环境不构成危害性影响.尽管土壤平均重金属浓度较低,但是仍有6个采样点重金属浓度超出土壤环境质量标准的二级标准,超标率达13%,且超标点位置主要位于路边.统计分析结果显示,路边土壤中的Cu和Cd含量显著高于非路边(P<0.05),这说明海宁电镀工业园区周边土壤重金属的累积与道路运输存在密切联系.海宁电镀工业园区附近平均土壤潜在生态危害指数为46.6,表明海宁电镀工业园区附近土壤平均重金属污染程度较低,存在轻微生态危害.然而局部重金属超标采样地块潜在生态危害指数达到220~278,存在中等生态危害,尤其是Cd的生态危害最为严重.

Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Analysis for Soil Around Haining Electroplating Industrial Park

The pollution status and potential ecological risks of heavy metal in soils around Haining electroplating industrial park were studied. Hakanson index approach was used to assess the ecological hazards of heavy metals in soils. Results showed that average concentrations of six heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr) in the soils were lower than the secondary criteria of environmental quality standard for soils, indicating limited harmful effects on the plants and the environment in general. Though the average soil concentrations were low, heavy metal concentrations in six sampling points located at the side of road still exceeded the criteria, with excessive rate of 13%. Statistic analysis showed that concentrations of Cu and Cd in roadside soils were significantly higher than those in non-roadside soils, indicating that the excessive heavy metal accumulations in the soil closely related with traffic transport. The average potential ecological hazard index of soils around Haining electroplating industrial park was 46.6, suggesting a slightly ecological harm. However, the potential ecological hazard index of soils with excessive heavy metals was 220-278, suggesting the medium ecological hazards. Cd was the most seriously ecological hazard factor.