农村经济活动对云南野生稻居群的影响

云南野生稻包括普通野生稻(O.rufipogon Griff)、疣粒野生稻(O.meyeriana Baill)和药用野生稻(O.officinalis Wall),是属于全国仅存的几处宝贵基因资源库之一。野生稻具有许多优良特性及其相应的基因,在栽培稻育种和生物技术利用等方面具有巨大的潜力。文章在对云南野生稻居群长期调查或考察的基础上,分析了云南野生稻居群濒危的现状,认为热区经济开发、游牧、木材消耗、采集草药、外来种入侵和环境污染等农村经济活动是致濒的主要因素。阐明了选择合理的保护方法、加大普法和执法力度、完善保护体制与运行机制、调整种植结构是当前云南野生稻居群保护管理与经济协调发展的四项重点措施。

Impact of the rural economic activity on the populations of Yunnan wild rice

There are 3 species of wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff, O. meyeriana Baill, and O. officinalis Wal) in Yunnan province, which is one of the few existing precious germplasm banks. Based on the long-term survey of Yunnan wild rice populations, the situations of its extinguishment were analyzed and it was showed that impact of the rural economic activities on the population of Yunnan wild rice were economic exploitation, nomadism, timber consumption, herborizing, exotic species invading and environmental pollutions. At last, four important viewpoints and measures of Yunnan wild rice populations conservation and keeping economy in harmonious development were put forward such as selecting proper protection methods, enhancing law popularization and execution, improving protection system and working mechanism and adjusting crop planting structure.