不同下游河道坡降尾矿库溃坝模型试验及下游影响研究

溃坝尾砂流是含有尾砂和土石的暂时性流体，具有演进时间短、破坏性大等特点，对库区下游人民生命财产造成巨大损失。以四川某尾矿库为研究对象，建立室内溃坝模型，研究3种下游河道坡降情况下尾砂流的演进和沉积规律，并引入FLO-2D与室内溃坝模型试验进行参照。研究结果表明:室内模型试验结果与数值模拟结果相似；地势改变对于溃坝尾砂流的演进有着较大影响，沟谷、转弯和地势平缓的区域有利于尾砂的堆积和沉积；尾砂流对下游的冲击力与最大移动速度的平方和流深呈正比例关系，3种工况最大冲击力位置都与最大移动速度或最大流深相邻；根据试验和模拟结果绘制尾砂流致灾影响程度图，可为生产企业新建、扩建尾矿库提供重要的依据，保证下游人员生命、财产安全。

Study on dam break model tests and downstream influence of tailings pond with different downstream river slopes

The dam break tailings flow is a temporary fluid containing tailings and embankment, and it has the characteristics of short evolution time, large destructiveness, and so on, so it will cause huge loss to the life and property of people in the downstream of tailings pond. A laboratory dam break model was established by taking a tailings pond in Sichuan as the research object, then the evolution and deposition laws of tailings flow under three types of conditions of downstream river slope were studied, and the FLO-2D was introduced to provide reference to the laboratory dam break model tests. The results showed that the results of laboratory model tests were similar to the results of numerical simulation. The change of terrain had a relatively large influence on the evolution of the dam break tailings flow, and the regions of gully, turning and flat terrain were beneficial to the accumulation and deposition of tailings. The impact force of tailings flow to the downstream was directly proportional to the square of the maximum movement speed and the depth of flow, and all the positions with the maximum impact force under three types of conditions were neighboring to the maximum movement speed or the maximum depth of flow. The diagram of disaster influence degree caused by the tailings flow was drawn according to the results of tests and simulation, which can provide important basis for the production enterprises to newly build or expand the tailings pond, and ensure the life and property safety of people in the downstream.