海底管道泄漏原油扩散漂移规律数值模拟

针对浅海输油管道泄漏原油扩散漂移问题，依据计算流体动力学理论，采用VOF模型和k－ε湍流模型来模拟多相流动，采用速度边界造波法和阻尼消波法来模拟波浪，建立洋流波浪环境下海底管道原油泄漏扩散漂移模型，对不同海洋环境、原油密度和泄漏量工况下的原油扩散漂移行为进行模拟，预测水下原油扩散上升路径、上浮到水面时间、溢油扩散范围以及水面溢油漂移速率等关键数据。研究结果表明:相对于静水、洋流和波浪等单一环境条件，在洋流波浪环境下泄漏原油的水下扩散范围更广、扩散上升速率更小、水面原油漂移速率更大；海洋环境对原油在水面的漂移速率影响较大，泄漏速率对原油的水下上升扩散速率影响较大；原油密度主要影响水下原油上升扩散过程，对水面原油漂移过程影响较小。

Numerical simulation on diffusion and drift laws of crude oil due to leakage of submarine pipeline

Aiming at the problem about the diffusion and drift of crude oil due to the leakage of shallow marine oil pipeline, the multiphase flow was simulated by using the volume of fluid (VOF) model and k-ε turbulence model according to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory, and the wave was simulated by using the velocity boundary wave generation method and the damping wave absorption method. A model on the diffusion and drift of crude oil due to the leakage of submarine pipeline under the environment of current and wave was established, and the diffusion and drift behavior of crude oil under different conditions of marine environment, density and leakage amount of crude oil were simulated, then the key data were predicted, such as the diffusion rising route of underwater crude oil, the time of floating to water surface, the diffusion range and the surface drift rate of spilled oil, etc. The results showed that compared with the single environment condition of still water, current and wave, the leaked oil under the environment of current and wave had the wider underwater diffusion range, the smaller diffusion rising rate and the larger surface drift rate. The marine environment had the larger influence on the surface drift rate of crude oil, while the leakage rate had the larger influence on the underwater rising diffusion rate of crude oil. The density of crude oil mainly influenced the underwater rising diffusion process of crude oil, while had less effect on the surface drift process of crude oil.