中国湖库洪水调蓄功能评价

湖泊是抵御湖区水系洪水灾害的天然屏障，而水库是现代防洪工程体系的重要组成部分，两者共同肩负我国防洪减灾的重任。为探明我国湖、库洪水调蓄功能状况，分析区域防洪需求进而提出对策建议，论文以湖泊可调蓄水量和水库防洪库容为评价指标，基于可调蓄水量与湖面面积以及防洪库容与总库容的数量关系构建模型，分别对我国湖泊和水库的洪水调蓄能力进行了初步评估。结果表明，我国湖泊可调蓄水量和水库防洪库容分别为1 475.47×10⁸和2 506.85×10⁸ m³，湖库洪水调蓄功能总量为3 982.33×10⁸ m³。从空间分布来看，湖泊调蓄能力以西藏、青海、江苏等省以及西北诸河、长江、淮河等流域较强；水库调蓄能力以湖北、广东、湖南等省以及长江、珠江、黄河等流域较强；湖库综合调蓄能力则以西藏、湖北、青海、江苏、湖南等省以及长江、西北诸河等流域较强。从防洪需求来看，珠江、长江、海河、淮河等流域湖库调蓄能力与设计洪量的比值较小，防洪压力较大。针对珠江流域和海河流域，建议通过兴建水库等工程建设提高流域防洪能力；针对长江流域和淮河流域，可结合退田还湖和水库建设提高湖库综合调洪能力。研究结果可为我国防洪建设和洪水管理提供科学指导。

Assessment of Flood Regulation Service of Lakes and Reservoirs in China

Lakes are a natural buffer against flood disasters, and reservoirs are an important part of the modern flood control system. Scientific research on measuring flood regulation service of China's lakes and reservoirs and analyzing the regional demand for flood control is the basis of the country' s flood control and disater reduction. In this paper, we constructed primary flood regulation models for lakes and reservoirs based on the relationship between available storage capacity (ASP) and water area for lakes and between flood control storage capacity (FCSP) and total storage capacity for reservoirs, using ASP and FCSP as indicators, respectively. Next we evaluated the flood regulation service provided by China's lakes and reservoirs with the constructed models. The results showed that, the ASP of lakes and FCSP of reservoirs were 1475.47×10⁸ m³ and 2506.85×10⁸ m³, respectively, with a total of 3982.33×10⁸ m³. In terms of the spatial distribution, the provinces of Tibet, Qinghai, Jiangsu as well as the basins of the northwest rivers, the Yangtze River, and the Huaihe River had a strong flood regulation capacity for lakes, while the provinces of Hubei, Guangdong, Hunan as well as the basins of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, and the Yellow River had a strong flood regulation capacity for reservoirs. For the combination of lakes and reservoirs, the provinces of Tibet, Hubei, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Hunan as well as the basins of the Yangtze River and the northwest rivers had a strong flood regulation capacity. In terms of the demand for flood control, the basins of the Pearl River, the Yangtze River, the Haihe River and the Huaihe River faced high pressure of flood control. For the Pearl River Basin and the Haihe River Basin, the flood regulation capacity can be improved through structural measures like construction of reservoirs. For the Yangtze River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin, the comprehensive capacity of flood control can be strengthened with the combination of returning farmlands to lakes and constructing reservoirs. The results of this study can provide a scientific guidance for the flood control construction and flood management in China.