湿地恢复若干问题探讨

论文在国内外相关研究基础之上，从湿地恢复的理论方法、技术途径和市场机制等多角度探讨了湿地恢复的若干重要论题，涉及湿地恢复的概念及恢复模式、湿地恢复的本底参照和有效性评估、湿地恢复与生态水工学、湿地恢复的社区参与市场运营机制及湿地系统多尺度、整体性恢复等。认为湿地恢复的广义和狭义概念各有其适用条件，在进行湿地恢复实践时，应首先评估确定优先恢复湿地，并依据湿地退化状况，谨慎选择湿地恢复的主动与被动模式；考虑到湿地恢复的不确定性及恢复评估的必要性，应建立更为全面、综合的湿地恢复评价指标体系；论述了生态水工学在高强度人类活动区域湿地恢复中的应用前景，并提出了湿地恢复的社区参与市场运营机制等保障措施；最后指出湿地恢复不应局限于对退化湿地的原位恢复，还应重视与周边流域系统纵向、横向及垂向的水文联系，即应考虑更大尺度上毗邻集水区以及湿地所处整个流域生态系统结构和功能的完整性，同时在这一尺度上还必须寻求构建湿地恢复与区域社会经济发展的良性互动机制。

On the Current Key Issues in Wetland Restoration

This article discussed and summarized a broad range of key issues prevailing in wetland restoration both from the ecological and socio-economic perspectives, with emphasis on the definitions, restoration modes, assessment and application of eco-hydraulics in wetland restoration, as well as the socio-economic mechanism for wetland restoration. The article argued that the narrow & broad concepts of wetland restoration were both valuable and meaningful corresponding to the different circumstances, their application should be quite site-specific. In practice of wetland restoration, the first step should be priority assessment of the necessity and feasibility of the candidate sites to be restored, and then prudent selection of the positive or passive modes & measures of restoration project based on the assessment of wetland degradation. With regard to the complication and uncertainty lying in the wetland restoration project, it is vital to pre-and post-assess the restoration project by using a more comprehensive measurement and index system. As the state-of-art issues, the article prospected the application of modern eco-hydraulic engineering in wetland restoration, and socio-economic mechanisms of community-based participation and market-oriental incentives were also targeted. Finally, the article concluded that the longitudinal, lateral and vertical hydrological connectivity with upstream subcatchments, adjacent watershed and groundwater system should be addressed in wetland restoration project, and the ecological integrity and health of the larger scale watershed should be maintained to guarantee the long-term persistence of restored wetland.