基于DEA模型的安徽省城市旅游效率研究

采用数据包络分析方法（Data Envelopment Analysis，DEA），测度2005 年和2010 年安徽省17 个城市旅游资源利用的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率，利用Malmquist 生产率指数模型计算2005 年至2010 年安徽省各个城市的旅游效率变动情况；分析2010 年安徽省城市旅游效率的空间分异特征，总体上呈南北高中间低、东西分化的分布，采用变异系数（CV）分析城市旅游综合效率地域分异成因，城市旅游规模效率变异系数（0.266）小于旅游技术效率的变异系数（0.342），城市旅游技术效率是制约安徽省城市旅游综合效率的主要因素；综合旅游资源、城市规模、经济基础、交通条件和接待能力等因素，分析皖北、皖中和皖南三大地区城市旅游效率差异原因；最后，根据DEA模型的投入优化目标值，探讨提高各城市旅游效率的对策措施。

The Urban Tourism Efficiencies of Cities in Anhui Province Based on DEA Model

Improving the efficiency of urban tourism is an important way of tourism development in Anhui Province. This paper adopts DEA model to measure the CRS technical efficiency, pure technical and scale efficiency of urban tourism utilization of 17 cities in Anhui in the year of 2005 and 2010, Malmquist productivity index calculation contrast of variation trend of urban tourism efficiency of these cities in Anhui from 2005 to 2010, under the framework of economic production factors analysis. Then, this paper analyzes the regional differentiation of the CRS technical efficiency, pure technical and scale efficiency of urban tourism utilization in Anhui. The causes for urban tourism efficiency differentiation in Anhui are analyzed with coefficient of variation (CV). The reasons for city travel efficiency differences are analyzed with tourism resources, city size, economic base, traffic conditions, reception capacity and other factors in northern Anhui, central Anhui and southern Anhui. Finally, target values of input obtained through DEA model are used to discuss the strategies for improving urban tourism efficiency of each city. The results show that, the input and output efficiency of urban tourism resources has a room for improvement and the productivity change index is consistent with the technological advance index in Anhui, the spatial distribution of urban tourism efficiency in Anhui is characterized by high-value in the south and north and low-value in the middle, as well as west-east differentiation. It is pure technical urban tourism efficiency that mainly determines the CRS technical efficiency as well as its spatial patterns in Anhui. Input redundancy is relatively ubiquity in Anhui, and regional urban tourism efficiency could be improved by the approach of optimizing investment environment, advancing industrial structure adjustment, highlighting the unique feature of industrial development, raising the quality of human resources or increasing the concentration degree of industrial development, and so on.