伊乐藻-高效脱氮微生物协同作用对污染水体氮素脱除机制的影响

在入贡湖河道亲水河采集上覆水、伊乐藻及底泥柱芯样品进行室内实验,探究伊乐藻与固定化高效脱氮微生物协同作用下脱除铵态氮的机制,以及对污染水体的生态修复效果.运用~(15)N同位素配对技术及高通量测序技术,研究了4个不同处理组中NH_4~+的转化机制,其中,处理组A:裸泥组,处理组B:固定化高效脱氮微生物,处理组C:伊乐藻,处理组D:固定化高效脱氮微生物+伊乐藻.结果表明,氮素脱除主要有底泥存储、伊乐藻吸收及微生物过程(反硝化和厌氧氨氧化)这3种途径.在添加沉水植物伊乐藻的处理组C和D中,伊乐藻对~(15)NH_4~+吸收率分别为25.44%和19.79%.不同处理组中底泥对~(15)NH_4~+存储率分别为7.94%、5.52%、6.47%和4.86%,微生物过程以气体形式释放的~(15)NH_4~+分别为16.06%、28.86%、16.93%和33.09%.反硝化和厌氧氨氧化是产生含氮素气体的主要过程,对于处理组D,脱氮微生物丰度和多样性均得到不同程度的提升.4个不同处理组对~(15)NH_4~+的总去除率分别为24%、34.38%、48.84%和57.74%,伊乐藻与高效脱氮微生物联用技术(EINCB)的应用,可以提高水体氮素的脱除速率,促进污染水体的净化.

Effect of Elodea nuttallii-Immobilized Nitrogen Cycling Bacteria on the Mechanism of Nitrogen Removal in Polluted River Water

Surface water, Elodea nuttallii and undisturbed sediment cores from the Qinshui River in Gonghu Bay were collected to carry out a simulation experiment in a laboratory to study the effect of Elodea nuttallii-immobilized nitrogen-cycling bacteria on nitrogen removal mechanisms from the river water. In this study, the transformation and fate of ammonium among four different treatment groups were investigated by using a stable ¹⁵ N isotope pairing technique combined with high-throughput sequencing technologyTreatment A:bare sediment, Treatment B:sediment+immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria (INCB), Treatment C:sediment+E. nuttallii, Treatment D:sediment+INCB+E. nuttallii]. The results of the ¹⁵ N mass-balance model showed that there were three pathways to the ultimate fate of nitrogen:precipitated with the sediments, absorbed by E. nuttallii, and consumed by microbial processesdenitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX)]. The percentages of E. nuttallii assimilated in the ¹⁵ NH₄⁺ were 25.44% and 19.79% for treatments C and D. The sediment storage ratio of ¹⁵ NH₄⁺ accounted for 7.94%, 5.52%, 6.47% and 4.86% in treatments A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proportion of ¹⁵ NH₄⁺ lost as ¹⁵ N-labelled gas were 16.06%, 28.86%, 16.93% and 33.09% in the four different treatment groups, respectively. Denitrification and anammox were the bacterial primary processes in N₂ and N₂O production. The abundance and diversity of microorganisms was relatively higher in the treatment with E. nuttallii-immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria (E-INCB) assemblage technology applied. Furthermore, the removal rates of ¹⁵ NH₄⁺ were 24%, 34.38%, 48.84% and 57.74% in treatments A, B, C and D, respectively. These results show that the E-INCB assemblage technology may improve the capacity for nitrogen removal from the river water.