汽油发动机生命周期能源消耗和环境影响评价

本研究应用生命周期评价方法,依据ISO 14040和ISO 14044等国际标准,通过中国某汽车生产企业的实地调研,核算了汽油发动机的累积能源需求(CED)、全球增温潜势(GWP 100 a)、酸化潜势(AP)、光化学氧化剂形成潜势(POCP)和富营养化潜势(EP)这5个方面的环境影响.结果表明,各类型的环境影响指标中,均是使用阶段的贡献最大,占贡献总量的48%~94%;其次是原材料的获取阶段,原材料的获取阶段对于AP与EP的贡献大于44%,而对于其他类别的环境影响的贡献在9%~27%之间;生产阶段对各种环境影响的贡献小于8%.本研究辨识了汽油发动机全生命周期重大环境影响过程和关键贡献因素,为绿色发动机的设计研发及政府政策的制定提供决策支持.

Life cycle energy consumptions and environmental impact assessment of the gasoline engine

This study aims to evaluate and quantify the life cycle environmental impact of passenger vehicle gasoline engine in accordance with ISO 14040/14044 standards, and to determine the key stages and factors. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied, and oN-site investigation data during 2014 from one of the largest Chinese automotive company is used for the assessment. Five impact categories (i.e. Cumulative energy demand (CED), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP), and eutrophication potential (EP)) are considered. The use stage contributes the most and accounts for 48%~94% of the total to each impact category respectively. The raw material acquisition stage is the second contributor, which accounts for more than 44% of the total to AP and EP and contributes 9%~27% of the total to the other impact categories. The end-of-life stage contributes less than 8% of the total to each impact category respectively. This study provided support on the green engine development and decisioN-making by the authorities.