广州市2020年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响

利用2020年春节期间（1月21~28日）广州市21个空气质量监测站气象和空气污染物数据及其中4个监测点位的单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪（single particle aerosol mass spectrometer，SPAMS）数据，研究烟花爆竹燃放对广州市及11个行政区空气质量的影响，并基于SPAMS建立了烟花爆竹快速溯源方法，分析了烟花爆竹源单颗粒化学成分.结果表明，烟花爆竹燃放对燃放区及禁止燃放区的空气质量都造成显著影响，广州市PM_2.5、PM₁₀和SO₂质量浓度在除夕夜间迅速升高.烟花爆竹集中燃放时段（1月25日01：00~06：00），主要影响了增城区、白云区、黄埔区及天河区部分区域的空气质量.建立了基于SPAMS以Al⁺为示踪物及最快5 min时间分辨率的烟花爆竹快速溯源方法.烟花爆竹源颗粒主要颗粒类型是左旋葡聚糖、富钾和矿物质类颗粒.烟花爆竹源颗粒含有丰富的硝酸盐，但不利于铵盐的形成.

Influence of Burning Fireworks on the Atmosphere During the Spring Festival in Guangzhou in 2020

Twenty-one air quality monitoring stations including four with single particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMS) were used to observe air quality and aerosol particulates during the 2020 Spring Festival (from January 21 to 28) in Guangzhou. The effect of burning fireworks on the atmosphere of Guangzhou and its eleven administrative regions was examined, and the chemical composition of firework particles was detected and analyzed by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry. The results show that the burning of fireworks had a significant impact on air quality in the discharge area and the prohibited discharge area. The concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ sharply increased in Guangzhou on New Year''s Eve. Air quality in Zengcheng District, Baiyun District, Huangpu District, and some areas of Tianhe District was also affected by the concentrated burning of fireworks on January 25 between 01:00 and 06:00. A method of fireworks tracing based on SPAMS using Al⁺ as a tracer was established with a time resolution of 5 min. The main particle types emitted by the burning fireworks were levoglucan, potassium-rich, and mineral. These particles were well mixed with nitrate, but this was not conducive to the formation of ammonium.