Population dynamics,rural livelihoods and environmental degradation: some experiences from Tanzania |
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Authors: | R Y M Kangalawe J G Lyimo |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35097, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
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Abstract: | Population growth and environmental degradation are closely linked. Increasing population has in many rural areas of Tanzania
contributed to changes in land use/cover patterns, land fragmentation and livelihood insecurity. Increasing demand for food,
energy and other environmental services has contributed to expansion of agriculture, including marginal areas, and deforestation
often leading to environmental degradation. Increased reliance on natural resources for rural livelihoods, subsistence nature
of the agricultural sector and limited economic opportunities in rural areas are among the factors leading to rural–rural
and rural–urban migrations searching for better livelihood opportunities. The high urban demand for food and biomass energy
from rural areas has also contributed to rural deforestation and overall environmental degradation. This paper addresses the
linkages between population and environmental degradation in Tanzania. It argues that effective implementation of development
and resources management policies can lead to environmental sustainability even with growing populations. It provides evidence
from successful land management interventions such as HADO, HASHI and SECAP, which support the argument that with effective
implementation of resource management initiatives even larger populations can be supported by the available resources. Such
successful interventions ought to be emulated elsewhere with similar environmental problems. |
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