金昌镍铜矿区植物的重金属含量特征与先锋植物筛选

论文研究了西北荒漠的金昌镍铜矿区植物重金属特征, 并初步筛选了植被重建的可用物种 资源。该次调查共记录了32 种高等植物, 分属30 属14 科, 调查区域的物种数为: 露天矿(20 种)>新 尾砂库坝(13 种)>露天矿周边(8 种)>老尾砂库坝(6 种)>老尾砂库(5 种)。优势物种主要为: 砂蓝刺头、 中亚紫菀木、弯茎还羊参、乳苣、芦苇、针茅属、骆驼蓬、泡泡刺、角果藜。砂蓝刺头、弯茎还羊参、乳 苣、芦苇和密叶锦鸡儿适宜作荒漠矿区植被重建的先锋植物, 而种植针茅属和角果藜可用于西北荒 漠的矿区土地重金属污染治理。矿区植物的地上部平均Cu 含量最高, 为52.9mg/kg。植物地上部Ni 含量为5.1～155.6mg/kg, 平均含量为39.1mg/kg。角果藜地上部Ni 和Cu 含量是所有植物中最高 的, 分别为155.6 和239.0mg/kg。回归分析发现, Ni 与Cu 密切相关, Cu 含量越高, Ni 的富集和累积 Ni 量也越高。

Heavy Metals in Plants Growing on Ni/Cu Mining Areas in Desert, Northwest China and the Adaptive Pioneer Species

The types and metal concentrations of the plant communities in Jinchang’s Ni /Cu mining areas in desert of Northwestern China were investigated.The number of plant species in different zone is in the order:strip mine ( 20 species) >around new tailing pond zone ( 13 species) >around strip mine zone ( 8 species) >around old tailing pond zone ( 6 species) >old tailing pond ( 5 species) .Thirty-two species belonging to 30 genera and 14 families were found growing on the spoil heap, including 9 dominant species:Echinops gmelini Turcz, Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus Novopokr, Crepis flexuosa ( Ledeb.) Clarke, Mulgedium tataricum ( L.) DC., Phragmites communis Trin., Stipa sp., Peganum harmala L., Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim., and Ceratocarpus arenarius L.The investigation showed that E. gmelini, C. flexuosa, M. tataricum, P. communis and C. densa were adaptive pioneer species, and planting Stipa sp. and C. arenarius could be used to remediate contaminated lands.The average Cu concentration in the aboveground plants was 52.9mg/kg, which was higher than the average concentrations of other metals.Ni concentrations in the aboveground plants were 5.1 ～155.6mg/kg, and the average value was 39.1mg/kg.Ni and Cu concentrations in the aboveground of C. arenarius were the highest, 155.6 and 239.0 mg/kg, respectively.The result of regressive analysis indicated that uptake and enrichment of Ni by the plants was closely associated with Cu, and Ni concentrations in the plants were enhanced with the increased Cu concentration.