城市边界土地增值收益之经济学分析——兼论土地征收中的农民利益保护

经济发展使得城市增长具有必然性。而城市增长又会带来城市内外特定区位土地价格的增加。城市边界区土地价格具有自身的特点。从动态的城市地价模型分析来看．其增值不仅来自于外部性作用，还得益于城市的扩张。城市的扩张有两种方式：一是由于城市化和收入的增加导致城市地租曲线整体向外平移；二是即使人口保持不变，但由于交通的改善使得城市地租曲线逆时针旋转。不能以农业地价来定量边界区土地价格。因为该区土地增值不仅仅来自于外部性，农民具有参与增值分割的权利。应该重新建立土地征收补偿的价格体系．保护农民的合法权利。

An Economic Analysis on Land Increment of Urban Boundary:A Discussion about the Protection of Farmer'S Benefits in the Process of Land Expropriation

Economic development makes urban growth inevitable. At the same time, urban growth drives the increase in land price at urban fringe, land price on the urban boundary has its particular characteristics. According to the model of dynamic urban land price, we can find increase in land price not only comes from the external forces outside of urban areas, but also associates with urban expansion. Basically, land increment roots in the scarcity, monopoly and relationship between land demand and supply. Expectation of the increment is reasonable and lies on several aspects. Firstly, the farmland rent at the urban fringe is usually higher than that anywhere outside of the urban areas. Famland is often made intensive use. Secondly, holding that land has a higher opportunity cost, farmland is compelled of agricultural use because of zoning or other institutional arrangement. Thirdly, juristic constraints in China forbid the open exchange of farmlands which will convert into mon-agricultural use. For farmers have to keep land on agricultural use, they abandon the land and the farmers should be compensated fully. Urban expansion has two ways leading to the increase in land price. One way is the urbanization and increase in income drive the curve of land rent to outward-shift parallelly. The other way is the land rent curve will turn anticlockwise with the improvement of transportation condition keeping the population constant. We should not evaluate land price on urban boundary just by the use of agriculture. Farmers have their rights to participate in the distribution of land price increment. A new land price assessment method system should be built which helps to proteet the legitimate rights and improve the welfare of farmers.