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Surface-sediment and hermit-crab contamination by butyltins in southeastern Atlantic estuaries after ban of TBT-based antifouling paints |
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| Authors: | B. S. Sant’Anna D. M. Santos M. R. R. Marchi F. J. Zara A. Turra |
| Affiliation: | 1. Curso de Pós Gradua??o em Ciências Biológicas, área de zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil 2. Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de S?o Paulo, 05508-900, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil 6. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia - ICET, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Nossa Senhora do Rosário, no 3863, 69103-128, Itacoatiara, AM, Brazil 3. Departamento de Oceanografia Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de S?o Paulo, 05508-900, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil 4. Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, UNESP, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil 5. Departamento de Biologia Aplicada, FCAV, UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil |
| Abstract: | Butyltin (BT) contamination was evaluated in hermit crabs from 25 estuaries and in sediments from 13 of these estuaries along about 2,000 km of the Brazilian coast. BT contamination in hermit crabs ranged from 2.22 to 1,746 ng Sn g-1 of DBT and 1.32 to 318 ng Sn g-1 of TBT. In sediment samples, the concentration also varied widely, from 25 to 1,304 ng Sn g-1 of MBT, from 7 to 158 ng Sn g-1 of DBT, and from 8 to 565 ng Sn g-1 of TBT. BTs are still being found in surface sediments and biota of the estuaries after the international and Brazilian bans, showing heterogeneous distribution among and within estuaries. Although hermit crabs were previously tested as an indicator of recent BT contamination, the results indicate the presence of contamination, probably from resuspension of BTs from deeper water of the estuary. Contamination of the environment and biota continues after the ban |
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