Determination of heavy metals and halogens in plastics from electric and electronic waste |
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| Authors: | Emmanouil Dimitrakakis Alexander Janz Bernd Bilitewski Evangelos Gidarakos |
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| Institution: | aLaboratory of Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Greece;bInstitute for Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment, Dresden University of Technology, Pratzschwitzerstrasse 15, 01796 Pirna, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The presence of hazardous substances and preparations in small waste electrical and electronic equipment (sWEEE) found in the residual household waste stream of the city of Dresden, Germany has been investigated. The content of sWEEE plastics in heavy metals and halogens is determined using handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis (HXRF), elemental analysis by means of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and ion exchange chromatography (IEC). Mean value of results for heavy metals in samples (n = 51) by AAS are 17.4 mg/kg for Pb, 5.7 mg/kg for Cd, 8.4 mg/kg for Cr. The mass fraction of an additive as shown by HXRF (n = 161) can vary over a wide range. Precise deductions as regards sWEEE plastics content in hazardous substances and preparations cannot be made. Additional research would be expedient regarding the influence of hazardous substances to recycling processes, in particular regarding the contamination of clean fractions in the exit streams of a WEEE treatment plant. Suitable standards for calibrating HXRF for use on EEE plastics or complex electr(on)ic components do not exist and should be developed. |
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