利用植物净化室内甲醛污染的研究进展

室内甲醛污染已成为我国最主要的室内空气环境问题,严重地危害着人们的生命健康。大量的植物净化甲醛研究表明,利用观赏植物净化室内甲醛污染是一种经济有效,并符合公众需要和心理的污染修复技术。文章简要综述了近年来利用植物净化甲醛污染的机理及净化效果方面的研究进展。植物可以通过茎叶的气孔和保卫细胞的开启来吸收甲醛气体,其经过植物栅栏组织和海绵组织的扩散以及维管系统进行运输和分布,最终被植物代谢和转化,而甲醛脱氢酶和甲酸脱氢酶是植物体内代谢转化甲醛的关键酶。同时,根际微生物间的协同作用,以及更换吸附能力更强的基质或在植物叶面喷洒二氧化钛溶胶等方式也能有效地强化甲醛的去除效果。总结文献的植物筛选试验可以发现,五加科、唇形科、菊科、秋海棠科及蕨类的植物具有较好的去除甲醛效果。文章认为还需进一步加强筛选高效的净化植物、植物净化甲醛的动力学、提高植物净化甲醛能力的遗传操作以及开发联合修复技术等方面的研究。

Research progress on the elimination of indoor formaldehyde pollution by plants

Indoor formaldehyde pollution seriously endangers people＇s health and life,and it has become the key aspect of indoor air pollution in China.Lots of previous researches demonstrate that eliminating indoor formaldehyde pollution by ornamental plants is an economical and effective phytoremediation technique,which could meet both the needs and psychology of the public.This paper briefly reviews recent research progress on the metabolic mechanisms and efficiency of formaldehyde elimination by plants.Literature shows that formaldehyde can first be absorbed by the open stomata and guard cells of plants,it then be transported and distributed by the palisade and spongy tissue＇s diffusion and the vascular system of plants,and finally be metabolized and transformed by related enzymes,such as Formaldehyde Dehydrogenases and Formic Dehydrogenases,which play a key role in formaldehyde metabolization.Literature also finds that the formaldehyde elimination efficiency can be enhanced by the synergic effects of rhizosphere microorganisms,as well as the use of more powerful adsorption medium and the spray of TiO2 sol on foliage.Moreover,previous researches on plant screening tests point out that Araliaceae,Lamiaceae,Asteraceae,Begoniaceae and Fern plants are relatively effective in eliminating indoor formaldehyde pollution.The paper,on the basis of literature review,suggests that further studies are needed on the fields such as screening more efficient formaldehyde elimination plants,dynamics of formaldehyde elimination by plants,genetic engineering for improvement in formaldehyde elimination ability of plants,and developing co-remediation techniques for indoor formaldehyde pollution.