辽河流域工业废水污染物排放的时空变化规律研究

采用等标污染负荷法,针对改革开放和产业结构大调整前后的5个典型年份,从工业污染源空间特征出发分析了辽宁省辽河流域工业废水污染物排放的变化趋势,并讨论了重点污染物排放的时空变化规律。结果表明：辽河流域工业污染源主要分布在辽宁中部城市群及沿海地区,且有不断集中的趋势;工业废水排放总量以及污染物排放总量都呈不断减少的趋势;辽河流域主要污染物为COD、氨氮、挥发酚和石油类,有机污染物排放量高于无机污染物;重金属类污染物变化较大,1985—1999年重金属类以汞为主,2002—2005年期间重金属类以镉、铅和六价铬为主,2008年重金属类以铅、砷和六价铬为主;氨氮、COD的主要排放区域变化不大,挥发酚、石油类、铅、砷的主要排放区域变化很大,污染物排放区域转移趋势明显。

Research on the spatio-temporal variation of pollutant discharged from industrial wastewater in the Liaohe River Basin

Based on the method of equivalent standard pollution load,the trend of pollutant emission discharged by industrial wastewater in the Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning province during five typical years before and after the policies of Reform and Opening-up and the Industrial Structure Adjustment,was analyzed in terms of spatial characteristics of industrial pollution sources.Detailed discussions were put on the regularity of spatio-temporal variation of major pollutants.Data shows that industrial pollution sources in Liaohe River Basin mainly distribute along the expressway,in the city blocks in central Liaonig province and its coastal areas,and present a trend of unceasing focus.The total amounts of discharged industrial wastewater and the pollutants show a continuously decreasing trend.The main pollutants discharge in the Liaohe River Basin are COD,ammonia nitrogen,volatile phenol and petroleum oil,and the organic pollutant discharged by the industrial wastewater is more than that of inorganic pollutants.There is a big variance in heavy metal pollution with the main heavy metal pollutant of Hg during 1985-1999,Cr,Pb and Cd during 2002-2005,and Pb,As and Cr in 2008.There exists an obvious trend of pollutant discharge transfer in different regions because the main discharge regions of volatile phenol,petroleum oil,lead and arsenic vary completely during these years,although there is no obvious change in the main discharge regions of COD,ammonia nitrogen discharge.