面源污染中畜禽有机肥磷的流失形态及其环境效应

磷是作物生长所需的大量元素之一。同时在水体富营养化形成过程中也起着决定性作用。畜禽有机肥磷作为作物生长所需磷的来源之一,近20年来,随着集约化养殖业的不断发展。畜禽有机肥磷的产生量也在相应增加．引起了磷在养殖区域附近的土壤中富集,增加了磷的流失风险。目前，有关畜禽有机肥磷如何引起面源污染研究越来越多。本文回顾了畜禽有机肥磷的形态及其分析方法、磷的含量和衡量磷流失能力的标准、控制磷流失的技术措施等研究进展,对不同方法标准进行了比较．提出我国在现有畜禽有机肥控制管理措施的基础上,开展畜禽有机肥磷流失的相关基础研究以控制畜禽有机肥磷对水体质量的影响。

Phosphorus Forms in Livestock or Poultry Manure and Environment Affection

Phosphorus(P) is one of the important mineral nutrients for crop production,and meantime plays an important role in the process of eutrophication.P in livestock and poultry's manure is a necessary source of crop growth.In the last two decadess,with the increase of intensive livestock and the poultry of farming development,the production of P in manure increases,too.This lead to the P concentrate in soils near the farming area and the increase of the risk of P runoff.At present,a marked increase in researches into the issues surrounding the loss of P in livestock and poultry manure to surface and ground water had been witnessed.This paper reviews this research,focuses on the P forms of livestock and poultry manure,analysis methods,content,the indictor to express the potential of P loss and how to control, and studies the difference of methods and indictors.Based on the laws or successful experiences about manure management of our country,we suggest that we should pay attention to studying the rules of manure's P loss and how to control the negative influences of manure's P on water quality.