喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山植物区系的一般特征及植物资源的保护与开发利用

本文根据1987—1988年两年考察的结果,初步讨论了喀喇昆仑—昆仑山地区植物区系的一般特征:1.植物种类比较贫乏高等植物仅243属约700种;2.北温带分布型属占绝对优势;3.以桑株河谷为界,昆仑山西段与东段的植物区系有很大差异;4.无严格的特有属,但种的分化强烈,种群数量大。本区由于极端干旱,自然生态系统十分脆弱,而森林和各类天然植被在维护本区自然生态系统平衡方面,起着十分重大的作用。在严格保护使森林和各类自然植被不致破坏的前提下,提出本区最有可能开发利用的植物资源是药用植物资源,除许多著名的中药外,应着重开发利用红景天属(Rhodiola)、风毛菊属(Saussurea)、葱属(Allium)的药用植物,并对当地的民族药物矮膜苞芹(Hymnolaena nana)等,进行深入研究。

THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORA OF THE KARAKORUM-KUNLUN MOUNTAINS AND THE CONSERVATION, EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE PLANT RESOURCES

This paper is based on the results of the exploration during the years 1987-1988. The characteristics of the flora of the region are as follow:1.The kinds of plant are rather poor. There are only 243 genera and about 700 species belonging to advanced plants.2.134 genera (56%) belong to the temperature type. The Mediterranean and C. Asia flora elements are important elements, but they almost distribute below the altitude of 3200 m. (3800m) only.3.The Sanzhu Valley is a boundary of floristic regions. 72 genera (among total 243 genera) do not appear in the area on the east of ihe valley. This perhaps shows the climate On the east is much drier than that on the west.4.There are no strict endemic genera, but the species differentiate actively. The number of their populations is large.The medicine resources is important in this area. Rhodiola, Saussurca, Allium Hymenola-ena, etc, should be studied first and exploited rationally in the future.