缓解西北地区缺水问题的新途径

根据虚拟水与水足迹的理论与计算方法，对我国西北和中部地区虚拟水含量进行研究。首先计算2000年江西省主要农产品虚拟水含量和城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量，得出粮食作物的虚拟水含量为28481×108 m3；城镇居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水量为76827 m3；农村居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水含量为67017 m3。然后在前人计算结果的基础上，将江西省与陕西省的城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量进行比较分析，发现城镇居民人均消费粮食虚拟水含量都低于农村居民，陕西省居民人均消费虚拟水含量中粮食虚拟水含量比重大于江西省居民。通过进一步研究居民的消费结构，得出调整区域生产与消费结构，增加虚拟水贸易，是缓解我国西北地区水资源短缺与社会经济发展矛盾的新途径的结论，并指出调整农村消费结构的关键是提高农业生产的机械化。〖

A NEW WAY IN ALLEVIATING WATER SHORTAGE IN NORTHWEST AREA

In this paper,the virtual water contents were calculated in northeast and middle areas of China according to visual water and water footprint calculation methodologies.Firstly,virtual water contents were calculated for primary farm products and for virtual water consumption of residents in Jiangxi Province in 2000.The virtual water contents of crops was 28481×108 m3,and the virtual water consumption of rural residents 67017 m3.Then,based on the predecessors' study results,the difference of virtual water consumption of residents between Jiangxi Province and Shanxi Province was analyzed.The results showed that the virtual water consumption of urban residents per capita is lower than that of rural residents,and residents' per capita food exertion virtual water shared in virtual water consumption in Shanxi Province is higher than that in Jiangxi.Further study in the consumption structure showed that we can adjust the pattern of regional production structure and the consumption structure and increase visual water trading,in order to alleviate the contradictory of social economical development and water resource shortage,and to improve the mechanization in rural production is the key task in adjusting the pattern of consumption.〖