三峡库区城市化与生态环境耦合关系定量辨识

受人文社会规律支配的城市化过程与受自然规律制约的生态环境演化过程之间,通过种种复杂的胁迫与约束机制,具有双指数倒U型曲线的耦合演化规律性。如果以区域内不同城镇构成的空间样本来测算城市化与生态环境之间的耦合关系,其耦合曲线通常有以下5种型式：下降、正U、上升、倒U和再下降。该演化序列符合否定之否定的发展规律。通过相关分析、主成分分析和层次分析等方法,对三峡库区15个区县的城市化水平和生态环境状况作了综合评价,并在综合和分组两个层面对二者耦合关系进行了定量辨识。结果表明：通过空间样本反映的重庆库区城市化与生态环境耦合关系曲线为正U型,揭示出库区城市化与生态环境耦合演化的二元性;城市化与生态环境沿长江自西向东具有基本一致的变化趋势,说明现阶段库区城市化对生态环境的依赖性大于其破坏性。

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND ECO-ENVIRONMENT--CASE OF THE THREE GORGES AREA

There are complicated coupling mechanisms between the process of urbanization and the evolvement of eco-environment, by which the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment evolves {along} an invert-U curve. This coupling curve has five spatial types when using spatial samples to measure, i.e. descending type, U type, ascending type, invert-U type and another descending type. The evolvement sequence of these types obeys the "law of denial's denial". By the methods of CA (Correlation Analysis), PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and AHP (Analysis of Hierarchy Process), this paper synthetically evaluates the urbanization level and eco-environment conditions of the 15 districts in the Three Gorges {Area,} and argues the coupling relationships between them. The results are as follows: the spatial type of relationships between urbanization and eco-environment in Chongqing reservoir area is" U" curve; Urbanization and environment have the common trend along the Yangtze River. All of above reflect that the coupling relationships between urbanization and eco-environment have "dualistic structure" characters; the urbanization in the study area has more dependency than destruction on the eco-environment.