英国资源综合利用政策模式对我国相关政策顶层设计的启示

本文采用政策分析法，对比中英资源综合利用的政策及实施手段，着重剖析英国政策工具及经验，为我国相关政策的硕层设计提出建议。分析指出：英国资源综合利用的政策属于固体废弃物管理的框架，优点为管理部门职责清晰、政策实施的动力明确。本文建议我国资源综合利用政策的顶层设计可以从五个方面借鉴英国模式。第一，我国有必要明确资源综合利用概念中“资源”的内涵；第二，引入抑制型、强制型政策工具，以强化资源综合利用政策的实施；第三，明确企业应遵守的法律、法规、可享受的具体优惠政策；第四，结合我国资源综合利用的水平、现状，制定资源综合利用技术标准，让相关的政策更具有可操作性；第五，规范各行业的综合利用活动并加强执法监督。

The UK＇s resource utilisation policy： lessons for the top-level design of the relevant policy in China

This research adopted a qualitative comparative policy analysis, compared the comprehensive resource utilisation policies between the UK and China. Specifically, the UK＇ s policy tools and experiences are summarized to provide advices to the top-level design of relevant policies in our country. The UK＇ s comprehensive resource utilisation policy belongs to the solid waste management policy framework with a clear administrative responsibility and motivation to implement the policy. The paper suggests that China could draw upon the UK＇ s model from five perspectives. Firstly, it is necessary to clarify the concept of ＂resource＂ in the term of ＂resource comprehensive utilisation＂ in China; secondly, it can consider to introduced suppressed and compulsory policy tools to inject pressure to rather than purely encourage resource utilisation activities; thirdly, it needs to clarify regulations and preferential policies for businesses; fourthly, there is a need to formulate technical standards for resource utilisation incorporating the development status of our country to ensure the viability of the relevant policies; finally, it should standardize resource comprehensive activities among sectors and strengthen the supervision of law enforcement.