珍稀药用资源植物红景天研究现状、问题与对策

论文就国内外对珍稀药用资源植物红景天化学成份、新药理学作用研究进行了归纳分析,并对其开发利用过程中遇到的问题及解决方案进行了讨论。目前已对30多个红景天种的化学成分进行了研究及预试工作,分离出了九大类,60多种新的化学成份。红景天新的药理学作用研究发现,其具有显著的抗衰老、抗缺氧、抗不良刺激、抗病毒及肿瘤、抗疲劳和对机体双向调节等作用机制。红景天研究与利用中存在着红景天规模化开发与生态环境保护之间的矛盾、红景天生殖生态学特性与人为干扰引起的该属植物濒危状况、红景天种质资源评价体系尚未建立以及红景天主要药理成分环境形成与积累机制不清等问题。针对这些问题,论文提出在国家层面上建立野生红景天种质资源库、选择核心质量性状指标对种质资源利用价值进行筛选评价、采用现代生物技术手段建立红景天组织培养和细胞悬浮培养体系、深入研究离体条件下红景天主要次生代谢物产生积累的内在规律,进而建立红景天规模化利用的技术规范与体系。作者针对红景天问题研究提出的看法,对于其它珍稀药用植物资源的利用与研究也具有借鉴价值。

Research Status,Questions and Strategies of Rare Medicinal Plant Rhodiola L.

Rhodiola L.which contains more than 90 species grows quite widespread all over the mountainous areas of northern hemisphere,of which 73 species are found in China.The roots of Rhodiola L.,one of the important traditional Chinese herbal medicines,possess the effects of anti-viral,anti-tumor,anti-aging,anti-oxygen deficiency,anti-fatigue,anti-radiation and other pharmacological properties.This paper sums up the update results of chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant,analyses the problems in the process of utilization,and discusses the strategies to solve the problems. Over 30 species of Rhodiola L.have been researched and pre-tested.There are 9 kinds and more than 60 new chemical compounds being separated and identified from them.Three problems should be solved in the process of utilization of these plant resources.The first one is the conflict between the scale exploitation and protection of ecological environment;the second is the endangered state of the plant resulted from the characteristics of reproductive ecology and human disturbance;the last is lack of the germ plasm resources evaluation system of the plant and of environmental synthesized mechanism of major pharmacological composition.Meanwhile,according to these questions,the authors think that it should build the germ plasm resources stocks of Rhodiola L.at national level,to screen and evaluate the value of different Rhodiola L.species using the core quality characteristic indicators,to research the law of producing and accumulating of the major secondary metabolites in culture,and to create the technological criterion of scale exploitation.