全球产品策略与其他化学品风险评估

为推动化学品风险评估在我国的开展,对全球产品策略(GPS)进行研究。通过对GPS实施流程的分析,确定实施GPS的核心是开展化学品的风险评估(简称GPS风险评估)。将GPS风险评估与欧盟《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制》(REACH)法规要求的化学品安全评估(简称REACH CSA)和我国新化学物质登记要求的新物质风险评估进行对比,从评估物质的要求、效应评估的范围和方法、暴露评估的范围和方法以及风险表征的方法 4个方面分析其共同点和差异。确定GPS风险评估是简化版的REACH CSA,新物质风险评估相当于REACH CSA中的环境风险评估部分。最后认为,开展化学品全面风险评估是国际化学品管理发展的趋势。针对实际情况,提出宜采取简化评估和优先评估的方法,在我国逐步开展化学品全面风险评估。

Comparison between Global Product Strategy Risk Assessment and Other Chemical Risk Assessment

In order to promote the development of chemical risk assessment in China,the Global Product Strategy(GPS) was researched.The implementation process of GPS was analyzed,and risk assessment of chemicals,i.e.GPS risk assessment,was identified as the core point of GPS.Process of GPS risk assessment was specially introduced.Furthermore,GPS risk assessment was compared with chemical safety assessment required by Registration,Evaluation,Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals(REACH CSA) and new chemicals’ risk assessment required by Chinese government.Similarities and differences of these three regulations in 4 aspects,including requirement to chemicals,scope and methods of effect assessment,scope and methods of exposure assessment,and method of risk characterization,were analyzed.GPS risk assessment can be regarded as the simplified version of REACH CSA,while assessment of new chemicals is analogous to the environmental risk assessment part in REACH CSA.It is a development trend of international chemicals management to carry out comprehensive risk assessment of chemicals.Based on our current condition,the comprehensive risk assessment of chemicals should be conducted gradually through simplified assessment and priority assessment in China.