行人违规过街行为的激励理论模型

为减少行人违规过街现象,提高行人过街的安全性,从社会心理学角度研究行人违规过街行为的动因。基于内容型激励理论和过程型激励理论对行人违规过街的行为机理进行研究。首先,将行人过街需求按照不同的层次和类别划分为安全需要、省时省力需要、社会认同需要、尊重需要和自我实现需要。然后,基于期望理论,对行人违规过街行为激励水平、效价、期望值进行建模,得出行人违规过街的行为机理。最后,对模型结果的应用分析发现,通过降低违规过街需要的效价、增加交通规则制裁的期望和增加危险感知的期望能够减少行人的违规过街行为。

Incentive Theory Model of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior Breaking Traffic Regulations

In order to improve the traffic safety of pedestrian crossings,and reduce phenomena,the motives for breaking traffic regulations were analyzed from the angle of social psychology incentive theory.Two different incentive theories including content-based theory and of process-based theory were used to study pedestrian behavior.Firstly,according to different levels and types,pedestrian crossing needs were divided into five classes: safety and security needs,saving time and labor needs,social identity needs,esteem needs and self-actualization needs.Then,through modeling for motivation forces,valence and expectancy,a mechanism of breaking traffic regulations was found.Finally,countermeasures including that for reducing the valence of pedestrian's violation needs were recommended.