开放空间复杂地形人员疏散模拟研究

为研究开放空间复杂地形条件下人员疏散,开发出能够模拟行人疏散的三维可视化软件系统。将复杂多变的地形分解为一系列连续变化的坡面,分析斜坡上行人受力,考虑重力影响,在经典社会力模型的基础上,提出一个改进模型。选择某气井周边居民疏散案例,运用VC++和OpenGL图形库技术初步完成整合数字高程模型(DEM)、道路网络和行人特征的三维社会力人员疏散模拟程序。最后通过实例模拟,可以明显地观察到人群的动态疏散过程以及在灾难中的拥堵行为、转向躲避行为和超越行为。应用该模型,能够实现复杂地形人员疏散三维动态模拟,并快速预测疏散时间。

Simulation Study on Pedestrian Evacuation in Open Space under Complicated Topographic Condition

In order to study the pedestrian evacuation in open space under complicated topographic condition,this paper develops a three-dimensional dynamic simulation program for pedestrian evacuation.At first,this paper proposes an improved social force model.In this model,the complex topography is decomposed into a series of continuous varying slopes.Through analysis of forces acting on pedestrian on a slope,the component of gravity is added to the classical social force model to formulate the differential equation of pedestrian movement.Then,considering the residents evacuation around a gas well as a case,the DEM(Digital Elevation Model),road net and physical characteristics are integrated by applying the platform of the Visual C++6.0 and the OpenGL 3D graphics library and a simulation program are developed for pedestrian evacuation based on the 3D social force model.At last,the 3D dynamic visualization of pedestrian evacuation in complex terrain is realized and behaviors of pedestrians(congestion,turning,collision avoiding and passing by) can be demonstrated vividly.The approach provided in this paper can also predict process and time for the evacuation in complex terrain.