跨国公司对东道国的环境法律责任问题研究

随着经济全球化的发展,跨国公司的经济影响力剧增,成为众多发展中国家外资的主要来源,然而与之伴随的＂三高＂产业的转移给主要东道国的发展中国家造成了巨大的环境问题,再加上发展中国家地方政府政绩观的错位、公众环保意识的欠缺,这一问题更加凸显,而有限责任的原则使得各跨国公司母公司避开了责任的承担。对此,必须借助＂公司法人格否认＂制度,＂揭开公司面纱＂,将公司是否滥用控制权的举证责任赋予母公司,并考虑环境侵权的特殊性,以无过错责任原则和因果关系推定为基础完善对跨国公司环境法律责任的追究机制。

Multinational Corporations＇ Environmental Legal Responsibilities to Host Countries

With the development of economic globalization, the economic influence of multinational companies surged and has become the main source of foreign investment in many developing countries. However, the transfer of ＂three highs＂ industries to developing countries accompanying with them have caused huge environmental problems, coupled with the dislocation of political achievements view of the local governments in developing countries and the lack of public environmental consciousness, these problems are becoming more and more prominent. At the same time, the principle of limited liability made the parent company of multinational company avoid the responsibilities. So people should utilize the ＂company law personality denial system＂, disclose the corporate veil, the parent company should undertake the burden of proof about abusing control power or not. In addition, the particularities of environment infringement should be considered and based on the no-fault liability principle and causality presumption to perfect the mechanism of investigating environmental legal responsibility of multinational companies.