公众参与环境保护制度属性及制度模块构建

民主政治是公众参与制度的出发点和归宿，通过公众的有效参与，环境执法权得到监督；有序是公众参与制度的自然属性，有序才能使参与变得顺畅；利益均衡是公众参与制度的价值准则，环境矛盾最终体现为环境利益和经济利益之争，解决环境纠纷的最佳手段是寻找利益均衡点；政府居于环境执法的主导地位，同时发挥指导、引导、疏导公众和企业的作用；多重沟通平台是公众参与制度的效率保证，政府、企业、公众在执法前后的多重沟通，才能达到参与的最终目标。与公众参与环境执法制度属性相对应的是制度模块建设，如监督制度、程序制度、纠纷调处制度、润性执法制度以及沟通制度等。这些制度既能准确反映公众参与环境执法制度属性，又能完成制度赋予的使命。

Public Participation in Property and System Module Construction of Environmental Protection Institution

Democracy is the starting point and end-result of public participation system, environ-mental law enforcement right are supervised through the effective public participation. Order is the natural property of public participation system and makes participation become smooth. The balan-ce of interests is the criterion value of public participation system, environment contradictions are eventually reflected as the competition of environment interests and economic interests, so the best settlement of environmental disputes is balancing the interests. Government plays the leading role in environmental law enforcement, and the roles of guiding, leading and persuading the public and enterprises. Multiple communication platform is the guarantee for efficiency of the public particip-ation system, only by multiple communication between government, enterprises, and the public before or after law enforcement can the ultimate goal of public participation be reached.