Lodging in rice can be alleviated by atmospheric CO2 enrichment |
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| Institution: | 2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8577, Japan;3. Department of Global Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;4. Department of Global Resources, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (LASW), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;3. Agro-meteorological Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330096, China;1. School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK;2. ADAS High Mowthorpe, Duggleby, Malton, North Yorkshire YO178BP, UK;1. Plant Biology and Crop Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 4TX, UK;2. School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia;3. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;4. Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia;1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change of Agriculture Ministry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China;3. Crop and Soil Science Section, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;4. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China;1. National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China;2. Agronomy College, Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China |
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| Abstract: | The projected increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration CO2] is expected to increase yield of agricultural C3 crops, but little is known about effects of CO2] on lodging that can reduce yield. This study examined the interaction between CO2] and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the lodging of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems installed in paddy fields at Shizukuishi, Iwate, Japan (39°38′N, 140°57′E). Rice plants were grown under two levels of CO2] (ambient = 365 μmol mol?1; elevated CO2] = 548 μmol mol?1) and three N fertilization regimes: a single initial basal application of controlled-release urea (8 g N m?2, CRN), split fertilization with a standard amount of ammonium sulfate (9 g N m?2, MN), and ample N (15 g N m?2, HN). Lodging score (six ranks at 18° intervals, with larger scores indicating greater bending), yield, and yield components were measured at maturity. The lodging score was significantly higher under HN than under CRN and MN, but lodging was alleviated by elevated CO2] under HN. This alleviation was associated with the shortened and thickened lower internodes, but was not associated with a change in the plant's mass moment around the culm base. A positively significant correlation between lodging score and ripening percentage indicated that ripening percentage decreased by 4.5% per one-unit increase in lodging score. These findings will be useful to develop functional algorithm that can be incorporated into mechanistic crop models to predict rice production more accurately in a changing climate and with different cultural practices. |
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