计算机模拟在火灾科学与工程研究中的应用

计算机模拟技术尤其是场模拟技术是近年来发展完善的高新技术,在许多工程领域和基础研究方面得到广泛应用。但其在大灾科学和工程领域的应用研究刚刚起步。本文在介绍场模拟基本方法的基础上,重点介绍了场模拟方法中大涡模拟技术的基本理论和方法,并将其引入火灾动力学的研究中。列出了火灾动力学大涡模拟的基本方程、湍流模型、燃烧模型和幅射模型。并用此方法模拟了油罐区火灾动力学演化实例,据此可提出更有效的控制和补救措施。 通过利用场模拟方法中的大涡模拟技术研究典型工业重点火灾危险源——油罐区火灾动力学演化实例,可以看出场模拟技术在安全工程领域方面的发展前景。预计它将成为安全工程领域中的安全管理、危险性评估以及安全事故处理决策支持等的有效手段。

Application of Computational Simulation in Fire Science and Engineering Research

Computational simulation, especially field modeling, is highly developed in recent years. While it has been widely used in many fundamental research and engineering fields, few were applied to aspects of fire science and engineering research. In this paper, the developments and applications of computational simulation for fire dynamics arc firstly reviewed. The basic principles of large eddy simulation are described in detail, which involves turbulence modeling, combustion modeling, and thermal radiation modeling. An example of numerical experimental study of fire dynamics process for oil tank fire with large eddy simulation technology is provided and some fire provisions are approved with respect to the results. From the case, it is shown that field modeling has an extensive application future in fire safety science and engineering research. And it will become an effective means in fire management, fire risk evaluation, decision -making and supporting plan for severe disasters and so on.