洞庭湖区的湖垸农业与可持续发展对策

在调查分析洞庭湖区围湖垦殖和湖垸农业形成的历史的基础上，归纳了湖垸农业面临的生态环境问题：洪涝灾害发生频率加大；水面减少，生物多样性降低；环境污染严重，湿地生态功能衰退；土壤退化和潜育化严重；血吸虫病死灰复燃。并结合已有的经验，提出了湖垸农业可持续发展的对策措施：认真实施生态保护工程，减少泥沙淤积；调整湖垸农业结构，建立有利于避灾、减灾新模式；退田还湖，发展替代农业，发展莲藕、籽藕、茭白等水生经济植物种植；与企业结合，发展油菜、马铃薯、亚麻等工业原料作物；利用欧美杨耐涝性强的特点，在地势较高的季节性淹没的洲滩地，发展以林为主的林农复合经营模式，湖洲草地发展草食畜禽替代模式。

Countermeasure of sustainable agricultural development in the embankment regions of Dongting Lake

This paper discusses the issues of the ecology and environment of the embankment regions of Dongting lake and make some suggestions of sustainable development, based on the investigating history of embankment agriculture and reclamation around the lake. The main issues of the ecology and environment are as follows: the frequency of flood and waterlogged disaster has increased, the area of water surface has reduced, the biodiversity and ecological function has declined, the environmental pollution has become heavy, the soil degradation and gleyization have worsen, and the schistosomiasis has recurred. According to the above issues, some countermeasures of sustainable development are suggested for the embankment regions of Dongting Lake as follows: to reduce sediment by ecological project; to adjust the agricultural structures or establish new ones to avoid disasters, to develop and to popularize substitutive agricultural patterns, to plant crops for supplying industrial raw material, and to develop the combination patterns of agro-forestry.