Bioaccessibility of lead sequestered to corundum and ferrihydrite in a simulated gastrointestinal system

Lead (Pb) sorption onto oxide surfaces in soils may strongly influence the risk posed from incidental ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil. Lead was sorbed to model oxide minerals of corundum (alpha-Al(2)O(3)) and ferrihydrite (Fe(5)HO(8).4H(2)O). The Pb-sorbed minerals were placed in a simulated gastrointestinal tract (in vitro) to simulate ingestion of Pb-contaminated soil. The changes in Pb speciation were determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Both corundum (sorption maximum of 2.13 g kg(-1)) and ferrihydrite (sorption maximum of 38.6 g kg(-1)) have been shown to sorb Pb, with ferrihydrite having a very high affinity for Pb. The gastric bioaccessible Pb for corundum was >85% for corundum when the concentration of Pb was >200 mg kg(-1). Bioaccessible Pb was not detectable at 4. However, much of the sorbed Pb will become bioaccessible under gastric conditions (pH 1.5-2.5) if this soil is ingested. Caution should be used before using these materials to remediate a soil where soil ingestion is an important exposure pathway.