Comparative lipid dynamics of euphausiids from the Antarctic and Northeast Pacific Oceans |
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Authors: | Se-Jong Ju Hyung-Ku Kang Woong Seo Kim H Rodger Harvey |
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Institution: | (1) Deep-sea and Marine Georesources Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 29, Ansan, Seoul, 425-600, Republic of Korea;(2) Marine Living Resources Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 29, Ansan, Seoul, 425-600, Republic of Korea;(3) Yeosu Exposition Supporting Task Force Team, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 29, Ansan, Seoul, 425-600, Republic of Korea;(4) Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA; |
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Abstract: | To better understand the feeding and reproductive ecology of euphausiids (krill) in different ocean environments, lipid classes
and individual lipid components of four different species of euphausiids from Northeast Pacific (temperate species) and Southern
Ocean (Antarctic species) were analyzed in animals from multiple life stages and seasons. The dominant krill species in the
Northeast Pacific Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera, were compared to the two major Antarctic species, Euphausia superba and E. crystallorophias. Analysis comprised total lipid and lipid classes together with individual fatty acid and sterol composition in adults, juveniles,
and larvae. Antarctic krill had much higher lipid content than their temperate relatives (10–50 and 5–20% of dry mass for
Antarctic and temperate species, respectively) with significant seasonal variations observed. Phospholipids were the dominant
lipid class in both temperate krill species, while neutral storage lipids (wax esters and triacylglycerols for E. crystallorophias and E. superba, respectively) were the major lipid class in Antarctic krill and accounted for up to 40% of the total lipid content. Important fatty acids, specifically 16:0, 18:1ω9, 20:5ω3, and 22:6ω3, were detected in all four krill species, with minor
differences between species and seasons. Detailed lipid profiles suggest that krill alter their lipid composition with life
stage and season. In particular, larval Antarctic krill appear to utilize alternate food resources (i.e., sea-ice associated
organisms) during austral winter in contrast to juveniles and adults (i.e., seston and copepods). Lipid dynamics in krill
among krill in both systems appear closely linked to their life cycle and environmental conditions including food availability,
and can provide a more complete comparative ecology of euphausiids in these environmentally distinct systems. |
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