增补UV-B辐射下南亚热带森林建群树种叶片对UV-B辐射的防护

研究了我国南亚热带森林5种建群树种UV-B辐射诱导的UV-B吸收物质(在280～320 nm波长下测定)的积累及抗UV-B辐射的可能性保护机制.增补UV-B辐射下,马尾松(Pinus massoniana)针叶的甲醇可溶性提取物和细胞壁的碱提取酚类的含量明显高于正常水平的光辐射下.红椎(Castanopsis hystrix)和厚壳桂(Cryptocarya chinensis)叶片的这些化学物质也升高,意味着增补UV-B辐射刺激UV-B辐射吸收物质的生成,形成抗UV-B辐射的功能性保护结构.然而,自然光下已含有大量细胞壁碱提取酚类的荷木(Schima superba)和藜蒴(Castanopsis fissa),这些化合物在增补UV-B辐射下则见下降,很有可能表皮层细胞壁碱提取酚类被转移到含有较低甲醇可溶性色素的液胞可溶性化合物里,这一现象意示着可能涉及叶肉组织光合机构的保护策略.增补UV-B下,马尾松针叶的叶绿素a和b含量不受影响,而其他4种阔叶树叶片则下降10.7% 到16.8%不等.胡萝卜素对增补UV-B辐射的响应变化不一,红椎和荷木的胡萝卜素水平下降,而马尾松、厚壳桂和藜蒴的胡萝卜素则上升,后者也许与功能性增加激发能耗散有关.结果显示,自然条件下不同树种展示出不同的驯化策略以形成抗UV-B辐射增加的防护机制.表4参29

UV-B Screening in Leaves of Constructive Tree Species of Low Subtropical Forest under Supplementary UV-B Radiation

The accumulation of UV-B absorbing materials (measured at the wavelength band of 280～320 nm) induced by UV-B radiation and possible involvement of a protective screening against UV-B radiation were investigated in five constructive species of low subtropical forest in South China. The methanol soluble extracts and alkali-extractable cell wall-bound phendics were significantly higher in needles of Pinus massoniana under supplementary UV-B radiation than under normal level of sunlight. These compounds were also enhanced in leaves of Castanopsis hystrix and Cryptocarya chinensis, implying that the supplementary UV-B radiation stimulated the synthesis of UV-B radiation absorbing materials, forming a functional protecting screen against UV-B radiation. However, Schima superba and Castanopsi fissa that contained relatively high alkali-extractable cell wall-bound phendics under natural sunlight exhibited a decrease in content of these compounds when exposed to supplementary UV-B radiation, suggesting that under supplementary UV-B radiation the cell wall-phendics in epidermal cell layers might be transformed into soluble compounds in vacuoles where there were lower contents of methanol soluble pigment. This fact assumes that a strategy for protection of photosynthetic apparatus hidden in mesophyll tissue was evolved. Chlorophyll a+b content (μg g-1) was not affected in the needles of P. massoniana and a decrease of 10.7% to 16.8% (mg m-1) occurred in the leaves of the other examined broad-leaved tree species under exposure of supplementary UV-B radiation. Response of carotenoids to supplementary UV-B radiation was variable: The decreased level of carotenoid was observed in C. hystrix and S. superba, and carotenoids were stimulated in P. massoniana, C. chinensis and C. fissa, which might be a functional increase in dissipation of excited energy. The results showed that different acclimation strategies were developed to protect against the increasing UV-B radiation in nature and flavoid screen in the acclimation to UV-B radiation was an important feature of adaptation process in the plants of low subtropical forest. Tab 4, Ref 29