滏阳河流域的水资源问题

根据对华北地区水资源短缺最严重的滏阳河流域的实证研究表明,随着部门和上下游用水者之间用水竞争程度的加剧,流域从开放向闭合的转变,地下水位的逐年下降及引致的环境问题,节水的空间也变得十分有限。解决未来水资源短缺的问题很大程度上将依赖于如何运用政策、制度和经济措施实现水资源的优化配置和综合管理,提高灌区的运行绩效和实现有效的产权制度创新。

Water issues in the Fuyang River Basin

Based on case study in the Fuyang River Basin (FRB),the purpose of this paper is to identify effective policy and institutional arrangement to promote sustainable water resources and socio-economic development.Located to the south of Haihe River Basin,the FRB is one of the most serious water shortage regions in North China.In addition to increasing water shortage,the FRB is facing with some other water challenges:serious water pollution,water competition among sectors and between upstream and downstream users,non-matching between industrial structure and water resources condition,declining groundwater table and resulted environmental issues,from open to close river basin and limited water saving potential.Our research results show that the conflicts among various stakeholders and inability of implementing water policies contributed to water shortage and related various water issues.In addition,weakening financial support for water infrastructure investment and low water price are two other factors that add to the rising gap between water demand and supply in the basin.If these trends continue and the government does not respond these trends with proper policies in the future,water shortage could threaten economically and environmentally sustainable development.With these emerging issues,the cen-tral and local governments,farmers and other stakeholders have responded by some formal and informal institutional changes.The study on property right innovation suggests that the private and shareholding groundwater irrigation system can improve the efficiency of water management and adjustment of agricultural structure.The existing government fiscal and financial policies in irrigation investment need to be revised in order to encourage the development of this market oriented irrigation management system.The study calls for an urgent need for establishing effective policy and institutional framework for integrated and efficient water resources allocati-on,planning,and management in the context of comprehensive river basin management.