仲钨酸铵生产中钨渣的污染特性分析

采集了14家仲钨酸铵（APT）生产企业生产过程中产生的钨渣，分别采用HJ/T299—2007《固体废物 浸出毒性浸出方法 硫酸硝酸法》和GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》附录S推荐的方法分析了钨渣中重金属的浓度及浸出浓度，并研究了钨渣的污染特征。结果表明，钨渣中重金属浓度服从正态分布，浓度较高的重金属为Cu、Zn和类金属As，其最大值分别为6 260、25 000和26 900 mg/kg，平均值分别为3 510、4 560和5 640 mg/kg；浸出浓度较大的是Pb、As和Hg，其最大值分别为33.6、26.2和0.85 mg/L，超出GB 5085.3—2007中规定的相应限值的6.72、5.24和8.5倍，超标率分别为14.3%、21.4%和42.9%；钨渣中As、Mo和Hg是特征污染物，应作为危险废物进行管理。

Research on Polluting Characteristic of Tungsten Residue from Ammonium Paratungstate (APT)

The tungsten residue from 14 ammonium paratungstate (APT) industries was sampled, the total concentrations of heavy metals in the residue and the leaching concentrations were respectively analyzed by Solid Waste-extraction Procedure for Leaching Toxicity-sulphuric Acid & Nitric Acid Method (HJ/T 299-2007) and appendix S of Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes-identification for Extraction Toxicity (GB 5085.3-2007), and the polluting characteristics of the tungsten residue defined. The results show that the total concentrations of heavy metals of tungsten residue are in accordance with the normal distribution, and Cu, Zn and As have relatively high concentrations, with maximum value of 6 260, 25 000 and 26 900mg/kg, and mean value of 3 510, 4 560 and 5 640 mg/kg respectively. On other hand, the leaching concentrations of Pb, As and Hg are higher than others, with maximum value of 33.6, 26.2 and 0.85 mg/L, which are 6.72, 5.24, 8.5 times higher than the standard values stipulated by GB 5085.3-2007, and the exceeding standard rate is 14.3%, 21.4% and 42.9% respectively. Tungsten residue is attributed to hazardous waste, whose featured pollutants are As, Mo and Hg.