典型废矿物油的产生工艺及其重金属含量特征研究

分析了6种典型废矿物油的产生工艺及特性，研究了废矿物油样品的重金属浓度特征。结果表明，不同产生工艺和工作环境，油品的损耗程度和产污情况存在明显差异。典型废矿物油样品中检出的主要重金属包括Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、Mo和Ba等7种。其中，Zn浓度相对较高，Cr、Cu、Mo和Ba的浓度次之，Ni和Pb的浓度相对较少。Zn、Mo、Ba主要来自于添加剂掺入，Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb主要来自使用过程中磨料混入或杂质进入。6种废矿物油直接进入环境中的重金属当量浓度表现为废车用润滑油>废液压油>废淬火油>废冷冻机油>废防锈油>废白油。其中，废车用润滑油和废液压油的重金属潜在危害最高。废矿物油再生利用过程中，重金属绝大部分进入废渣中(如油渣、蒸馏残渣、废白土等)，少部分残留在再生产品中；焚烧处置过程中，重金属的去向为烟气和底灰。因此，需要针对废矿物油的处置与资源化利用过程进行严格管理，防止其中重金属的二次污染。

Study on Generation Processes of Used Mineral Oil and Their Heavy Metal Concentration Characteristics

The generation processes of 6 typical used mineral oils were analyzed, and their heavy metal content characteristics systematically studied. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the oil consumption and used oil production among different oil generation processes and working surroundings. Seven main heavy metals were detected in the typical used mineral oil samples, including Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mo and Ba. The Zn contents were relatively high, followed by Cr, Cu, Mo and Ba contents, and Ni and Pb contents were relatively less. Among them, heavy metals Zn, Mo and Ba were mainly from oil additives, while Cr, Ni, Cu and Pb were mainly from the abrasive particles or impurities mixing in the oil using process. In condition of the 6 used oils directly dumped into the environment, the heavy metal equivalent concentrations were in the following order: used vehicle lubricating oil > used hydraulic oil > used quenching oil > used refrigeration oil > used antirust oil > used while oil, in which the potential hazards of heavy metals in the used hydraulic oil and used vehicle lubricating oil were the highest. In addition, in the used oil recycling, most of the heavy metals were transferred into residue (such as oil residue, distillation residue, waste clay, etc.), while a few remained in recycled oil; in the used oil incineration process, the final destination of heavy metals were tail gas and bottom ash. Therefore, the used oil disposal and recycling process should be managed strictly, in order to prevent and control the secondary pollution of heavy metals.