Water quality monitoring using remote sensing in support of the EU water framework directive (WFD): A case study in the Gulf of Finland |
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| Authors: | Qiaoling Chen Yuanzhi Zhang Martti Hallikainen |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Law Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 1200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland, USA;(2) Laboratory of Space Technology Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 3000, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland, USA |
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| Abstract: | Water quality monitoring using remote sensing has been studied in Finland for many years. But there are still few discussions on water quality monitoring using remote sensing technology in support of water policy and legislation in Finland under the WFD. In this study, we present water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the Gulf of Finland, and focus on the spatial distribution of water quality information from satellite-based observations in support of water policy by a case study of nitrate concentrations in surface waters. In addition, we briefly describe instruments using a system of river basin districts (RBD), highlighting the importance of integrated water resources and river-basin management in the WFD, and discuss the role of water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the implementation of water policy in Finland under the WFD. |
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| Keywords: | Water quality monitoring Remote sensing Water policy WFD Water quality standards |
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