协同治理:2030年可持续发展议程与应对气候变化的国际制度分析

对国际议程间的关联性分析已经成为全球治理中的重要问题。特别是,由联合国引领的全球发展与应对气候变化问题,已经占据了当前国际政治议程的首要位置,两者的协同直接影响到全球治理的有效性。《2030年可持续发展议程》与《巴黎气候协定》不仅具有共同的规范性基础,而且两者通过议题衔接和叠加已经形成了密切的治理关系,国际制度关联性日益突出。从目前来看,这种关联性体现了以下特点:第一,嵌入关系。可持续发展议程的目标之一是应对全球气候变化,《巴黎协定》的治理目标已经嵌入联合国可持续发展议程之中,但也与一些目标存在矛盾,因此,协同治理具有必要性。第二,指标对应。《巴黎协定》下的“国家自主贡献”细化项目与可持续发展议程中的大部分指标已经形成对应关系,治理具有同质性。第三,制度间倡议交叉与功能外溢。其协同治理关系具体表现在诸多层面上,特别是在联合国系统内的协调、治理模式的趋同、资金渠道的整合、围绕联合国可持续发展议程所进行的发展机构改革,以及联合进行政策倡议、规则建构及政策制定等方面。从制度关系演变的角度来看,两者协同治理的类型正在发生变化,制度互动在不同层次上不断累积,并逐渐转向伙伴型的协同治理模式。

Synergetic governance:relations of international institutionsfor 2030 SDGs and climate change

The synergetic analysis of international agendas has become an important issue in global governance.In particular,the UN-led sustainable development and addressing climate change have taken top places on the current international agenda,and their synergy has a direct impact on the effectiveness of global governance.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Climate Agreement share a common normative basis.The two have formed a close relationship in governance through issue linkages and complex international institutions,which strengthens their relevance.At present,this type of synergetic governance has the following characteristics:first,embedding relationship.One of the goals of the Sustainable Development Agenda is to address global climate change.The aim of the Paris Agreement has been embedded in the UN Sustainable Development Agenda,but it is also inconsistent with some othev goals.Therefore,further synergetic governance is necessary.Second,goal-settings.The specific items of Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement have formed a corresponding relationship with most of the indicators in the Sustainable Development Goals,thus the co-governance is homogeneous.Third,functional spillovers.The synergetic relationship is embodied in many aspects,especially in the coordination within the United Nations system,the convergence of governance models,the integration of financial channels,reforming development agencies centering on the United Nations for Sustainable Development Goals,further joint policy initiatives,rule construction and policy formulation.At present,the type of relationship between the two is evolving,and the relevance is accumulating at different levels,and gradually transform into partnership-like synergetic governance.