事故致因“2-4”模型及其事故原因因素编码研究

事故致因模型是用于事故原因分析和预防的重要理论依据,模型的可操作性是决定事故预防效果的重要影响因素。对目前国内研究较为持续和系统的事故致因"2-4"模型进行了深入研究,以增强其在事故分析时的可操作性。首先,研究了事故致因"2-4"模型中组织内、外部原因的各个阶段原因因素的划分情况;其次,根据得到的各阶段原因因素划分结果,对应用事故致因"2-4"模型分析事故原因的因素进行了编码;最后,以一起重大瓦斯爆炸事故为例,对事故致因"2-4"模型原因因素编码系统的有效性进行了实证研究。划分了事故致因"2-4"模型中的各原因模块中的原因因素,并得到了不安全动作和物态、习惯性不安全行为、安全管理体系、安全文化、外部因素等5个层级原因,确定了基于事故致因"2-4"模型的30个原因因素。对事故原因因素进行系统编码,提高了应用事故致因"2-4"模型进行事故原因分析和事故预防的可操作性,增强了其应用实践性。

On the 24Model add the application of its causative codes to the analysis of the related accidents

The paper is aimed to introduce a so-called 24Model and the application of its causative codes to the analysis of the actual accidents.As an important theoretical basis in the accident analysis and accident prevention,we have introduced an essential factor and its related operability in the aforementioned model to the applicability and the effect on the accident prevention.To enhance its operability in the accident analysis,we have made a further exploration of the relatively persistent and systematic accident causation model,that is,the 24Model.For this purpose,we have first of all divided the accident causation factors of the 24Model within and outside the relative configuration,which cover all the four stages and two levels of the model.And then,in accordance with the above division,all the above mentioned accident causative factors in the model can be formulated and re-organized into a systematically programmed data-referential look-up table.And,eventually,we have managed to offer an analysis of a typical exemplary gas explosion accident to demonstrate how to use the said model.For example,the accident causations can be divided into 5 situational hierarchical categories,that is,the safety-less or mindless behavior caused accidents,the habitually behaved caused accidents;the accidents caused by the occupational or professional disease caused accidents;the accidents that have been caused by the mindless or poor sense of responsibility from the part of the management system;the accidents that have been caused by the poor safety management culture and external influential factors.Through the case investigative analysis,we have summed up and classified 21 accident causative events based on the definition of each module in the model,all of which can be brought into a code system of 24Model.For example,a gas explosion accident has been resulted by a head of a coal mine who is in charge of the mining safety didn't pay enough attention to the rules for safety production and allowed an unprofessional worker to do blasting operations against the safety production regulations and safety production,which involves safety production culture in the gas explosion accident as has been mentioned above.And,what we have done in this paper is to disclose the potential riskinvolving codes of the accident causation factors in 24Model,which help to improve the operability and actualities in the form of the aforementioned model,which can be easily and properly adopted as an effective tool in the mining safety related areas.