家用小型汽车室内多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的检测

为了研究家用小型汽车室内多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的存在状态,对上海市7辆使用2 a以上的不同型号家用轿车进行了调查。采集形成于车窗玻璃内表面的有机膜,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GCMS)对有机模样品进行了定性及定量分析,并根据表面膜-空气分配模型计算汽车室内空气中PBDEs的质量浓度。结果表明:13种待测多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)目标化合物均被检出;在车窗玻璃内表面有机膜中,Σ13PBDEs含量为19.63~26.13 ng/m2;家用小型汽车室内空气中Σ13PBDEs质量浓度为376.61~961.24 pg/m3;由于PBDEs的正辛醇-空气分配系数KOA与PBDEs的溴代度正相关,高溴代PBDEs在有机膜中的含量较高(实测BDE-209是其最主要的污染物),而低溴代PBDEs在空气中的含量较高(BDE-28是其最主要的污染物);与家庭、办公场所、公共场所等室内环境相比,家用小型汽车室内空气中PBDEs质量浓度处于较高水平。

Inspection and checking of the indoor atmospheric PBDEs in regard with the family cars

To investigate the characteristic features of the indoor PBDEs of the family cars,the paper has proposed a method for collecting the organic adhesive layers in the inner surface of cars' front windows.For the said purpose,we have done corresponding observations and investigations of the typical cars of varied brands under current use over 2 years,and collected seven groups of qualitative and quantitative information and data via the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).As a result,we have identified and determined 13 target congeners,known as PBDEs (BDE-17,BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-49,BDE-66,BDE-85,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE-138,BDE-153,BDE-154,BDE-183,and BDE-209).The measured concentrations of Σ13PBDEs in the adhesive layers have been found in a range from 19.63 ng/m2 to 26.13 ng/m2,with their mean value being 22.84 ng/m2.Thus,referring to the partition mechanism between the organic adhesive layer and the air,the indoor gas-phase concentration of Σ13PBDEs has all been repeatedly calculated and reassured.Thus,the concentration of Σ13PBDEs has been tested and measured in the range between 376.61 pg/m3 and 961.24 pg/m3 with the mean value being 625.51 pg/m3.However,since the octanol-air partition coefficient of lg KOA is in a positive correlation with the brominating amount of PBDEs to a great extent,it should also be in a higher proportion to the organic adhesive layer,though lower brominated PBDE is greater proportioned in the air.Thus,the measured results indicate that BDE-209 turns to be the chief pollutant in the organic adhesive layer with its mean value being 5.94 ng/m2,though it accounts for the greatest ratio,that is,26.00％ of Σ13PBDEs.On the contrary,lower brominated ones take a higher proportion in the air,for instance,BDE-28 takes the greatest proportion and accounts for 58.08％,with its mean value being 363.29 pg/m3,Nevertheless,BDE-209 is seldom found in the exhaust emission in the family cars.Thus,it can be seen that the result we have gained in the paper proves to be consistent with the previous studies in this way.But,in contrast to other indoor spaces,such as houserooms,offices and public halls,the PBDEs concentrations of family cars that have been found should be taken rather high.